ABSTRACT

Long Parliament, known for its intense focus on domestic grievances accumulates over the course of Charles I's personal rule and grievances associated with the debacle of the Short Parliament and Second Bishops War and in November 1640 Charles I was powerless where the Scottish army occupies the northern England. The first five months of the Long Parliament saw an attack on Caroline religious policy, extra-parliamentary taxation, prerogative powers and the king's wicked counsellors. The focus of attention in Parliament shifted from wicked counsellors and prerogative powers to the two armies in northern England. The printing of parliamentary discussions of the manifesto kicked off a wider extra-parliamentary discussion of the Protestant cause of Stuart foreign policy and four decades worth of militant Protestant aspiration for a united Britain. D'Ewes utilizes the old trope dating back to Thomas Scott and used by the Covenanters Britain was kept apart by an international Catholic conspiracy to the detriment of the Protestant cause.