ABSTRACT
The altered feedback devices which utilize the effects of delayed auditory feedback and frequency-altered feedback attempts to artificially re-create the exogenous speech signals that occur when speaking in time amongst others to enhance fluency. Choral, or unison, speech involves the speaker saying the same words, simultaneously, alongside another model speaker. Shadowed speech, which is very closely related to choral speech, occurs when there is a slight delay between the speech of the model speaker and shadower, as opposed to the simultaneous output produced during choral speech. Computerized biofeedback devices differ from altered feedback in that they do not directly affect speech output; instead, through the use of computer technology, they help the individual to increase control over physiological aspects underlying speech production by providing feedback on the control of respiratory and phonatory activity. Serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) drugs includes variants such as clomipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine, and these are commonly used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression.
