ABSTRACT
The human genes have emerged through evolution and are one of the essential biological foundations for individual development. Genes allow information to be transmitted from one generation to the next so that the fusion of a human sperm cell and an egg results in an individual with the particular mix of properties that distinguish humans as a species with two legs, the ability to walk upright, color vision and language. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that contain genes and are located inside the cellular nucleus. Human sperm and egg cells contain 23 chromosomes each. When they unite during conception, they form a single cell consisting of 23 pairs, or 46 chromosomes. With the exception of reproductive cells, or gametes, all of the body’s cells thus normally contain 46 chromosomes. Genes are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, which consists of long, helical threads that contain over a million different proteins in human beings.
