ABSTRACT
The projects selected here for summary show different approaches to moving from investigations into the spoken mode towards generalisations that can be used either in wider descriptions of spoken discourse, or applied in the language classroom. Articles have been selected to show a diverse range of approaches to researching speaking and include qualitative, quantitative, corpus informed, conversation analytic, ethnographic, phonetic, pragmatic, and modern brain scanning techniques. In the commentary, key skills and features for the novice researcher are also highlighted, such as the benefits of a null hypothesis, explaining limitations, and the potential criticism of an approach or findings.
