ABSTRACT
Historically, most of the major cities of the developing world arose along the coast as ports, often on the estuaries of rivers which served as commercial arteries for the transport of goods to and from the hinterland. Anopheline mosquitoes do not usually breed in heavily polluted water, but can multiply in swamps, pools, puddles and also in streams and storm water canals in which there is standing water. Drainage construction is an effective mosquito control measure. The development of residential areas can increase drainage problems in several ways. As vegetation is removed, the capacity of the ground to retain water and resist erosion is reduced. No surface water drainage system can perform better than the parallel solid waste management system. Maintenance of the drainage system depends on an efficient solid waste collection service, as without one the drains will soon fill with rubbish.
