ABSTRACT
The idea of "fake news" was popularized by Hillary Clinton's campaign and much of the mainstream media, who claimed it was a key factor in the election of Donald Trump as President. Fake news has come to be understood as false or deceptive, excessively biased, low-quality journalism. In 2002, the media claimed President Hugo Chavez had resigned after ordering a massacre while in 2014 they presented a violent radical uprising aimed at overthrowing the government through terror as a peaceful protest against crime, hunger and government oppression. Chavez pioneered the ideology of 21st century socialism, which directly challenges both American dominance of Latin America and the ideology of neoliberalism, with its emphasis on the free-market, private ownership, competition, globalization and minimal government regulation or interference in the economy. The chapter also presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in this book.
