ABSTRACT
Acknowledging the historical developments from which code-of-conduct implementation processes have evolved, management systems varied across the three sectors studied. Most multinational enterprises (MNEs) across all sectors have developed and demonstrated a persuasive and rational message regarding their code of conduct. There appeared to be a mix of abilities among firms and sectors, with all firms having made some inroads in understanding, designing and implementing the principles encompassed in their codes of conduct. In the apparel sector, the research indicated that, generally, apparel MNEs were less advanced than the footwear sector regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) and code implementation, though advanced than the retail sector. Research revealed that retail MNEs (RMNEs) to a great extent, and certainly more than most other MNEs in footwear and apparel sectors, rely on external monitors to verify compliance with CSR and code requirements. Codes can be conceived in two ways: as a floor of rights and as a foundation for furthering HR practices within workplace.
