ABSTRACT
All six projects are located either in a cold or temperate climate, where a compact building form with a well-insulated and air-tight building envelope with minimized thermal bridges is essential to reduce heat losses through transmission or air leakage. The high quality of the building envelopes is shown in Figure 1.2.1. Except for the low energy project, Gelsenkirchen, the U-values for walls, roof and floor range from 0.10 to 0.15 W/m2K.
