ABSTRACT

Cerebral angiography is one of the oldest tools in the neurosurgical armamentarium, yet technological and treatment advances have allowed it to become an increasingly valuable asset in themodern cerebrovascular operating room. In addition, the treatment options available for the management of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), ranging from open surgery to endovascular therapy to stereotactic radiosurgery, havemandated the need for accurate intraprocedural and postprocedural studies.