ABSTRACT
Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are relatively uncommon, with incidence estimates generally on the order of 1 to 100 per 100,000 person-years. Thus it is not surprising that the literature has few articles about the management and outcomes of residual AVMs. Primary treatment modalities include microsurgery, radiosurgery, embolization, and various combinations of these techniques as described throughout this book. Despite the paucity of evidence, several basic principles guide the decision-making process for an AVM that was not fully obliterated by initial treatment. Many of these principles are identical to the ones applied during the management of the primary lesion. This principled framework can then be adapted to the context of the individual case.
