ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION The neuroendocrine and immune systems are controlled by a finely tuned bi-directional regulatory system that is essential for health. Imbalances in this system result in enhanced susceptibility to infection or inflammatory/autoimmune disease. The central nervous system (CNS) regulates the immune system at a systemic and regional level by (1) glucocorticoid production by the hormonal stress response and (2) noradrenalin and acetylcholine release by the autonomic nervous system. Conversely, the immune system regulates the neuroendocrine system through cytokine feedback to the brain.
