Gendered Insecurity under Long-term Military Presence: The Case of Okinawa Kozue Akibayashi and Suzuyo Takazato

When the 1994 Human Development Report, the annual report of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), proposed ‘new dimensions of human security’ (UNDP 1994), the peace activists’ community welcomed this UN initiative of redirecting the focus of security discourse and policies to non-military aspects of security. The report further articulated the structural problems of militarized national security by pointing out that it causes insecurity of people around the world.