ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on issues related to radiation and contrast media exposure, aiming to increase the awareness of interventional cardiologists and referring physicians to the potential hazardous effects of radiation and contrast agents. Restoration of patency of a chronic total occlusion is typically associated with prolonged radiation exposure. Intravascular administration of iodinated contrast media may result in iatrogenic renal function deterioration, known as contrast-induced nephropathy. Contrast media volume is one of the major modifiable risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The strong correlation between the amount of iodinated dye and the risk of CIN has been well documented. Iodinated contrast media can be classified by osmolality, including traditional high-osmolar contrast media, low-osmolar media, and alternative iso-osmolar media. Temporary periprocedural discontinuation of nephrotoxic agents is essential. Repeated use of contrast media within a short period of time should be avoided if possible.
