ABSTRACT
The middle of the 20th century saw the advent of retropubic procedures for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. In 1949, Marshall, Marchetti, and Krantz (MMK) reported the first series of their eponymous operation designed to elevate and mobilize the bladder neck and urethra by suturing these structures to the periosteum of the symphysis pubis with a bilateral series of three chromic sutures.1 While effective, this operation was complicated by an osteitis pubis rate of 5-7%.2
