ABSTRACT

If expression lines are associated with muscle, fat, and skin ptosis, and/or with deep or non-hyperkinetic furrows and other surface alterations, surgical procedures and/or other surface treatments are recommended. Botulinum toxin injections are not meant to replace upper, mid-, or lower face-and neck lifts; on the contrary, they are often combined with these procedures and optimize their results. This combination of medical and surgical treatments is one of the main current trends in plastic and cosmetic surgery in 2008.