ABSTRACT
In postmodernity, it is said, there is an increasing tolerance of the widely divergent lifestyles of individuals. Within the processes that comprise this trend is an increasing skepticism toward, and at times the total rejection of, the possibility of universal value standards, whether religious or secular. These processes are evidenced both in body-practices as well, of course, as intellectual ones. 1 As proof of the bodily instantiations of this trend, we can look to nonclinically indicated body modification through plastic surgery. Traditionally, cosmetic surgery had helped victims of car crashes or facial disfigurement by dog attacks or the amelioration of genetic defects. The use of biotechnologies has not, until recently, extended beyond therapy except in science fiction. Now these technologies are being used for the purposes of autonomously chosen body modifications/enhancements. This trend must be seen alongside other aspects of physical and cognitive enhancement, chosen for either aesthetic reasons or functional gains. 2
