ABSTRACT

By both Kemalism and Atatürkism, reference is made to the thought patterns and views of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), the founder of the Republic of Turkey (below “Turkey”), which was established in 1923. The founder’s given name was “Mustafa.” His mathematics teacher bestowed on him the additional name of Kemal (meaning perfection, maturity), because he considered Mustafa a very intelligent pupil. Following Turkey’s adoption of the use of surnames in 1934, the Turkish parliament conferred upon Mustafa Kemal the surname of Atatürk (Father of the Turks).