ABSTRACT
General Description of the MMPI/MMPI-2 The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and its revised forms, the MMPI-2 (Butcher, Graham, Ben-Porath, Tellegen, Dahlstrom, & Kaemmer, 2001), the MMPI-A (Butcher, Williams, Graham, Archer, Tellegen, Ben-Porath, & Kaemmer, 1992), and the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008) are the most widely used objective personality adjustment inventories in the world (Archer, 2005; Butcher, 2010; Friedman, Lewak, Nichols, & Webb, 2001; Greene, 2011; Lubin, Larsen, & Matarazzo, 1984; Lubin, Larsen, Matarazzo, & Seever, 1985). Even from its beginnings, the test has enjoyed popularity and has been ranked as a leading personality instrument (Archer, 1997, 2005; Butcher, 2010; Friedman, Webb, & Lewak, 1989). Taught in the majority of clinical psychology training programs (Dahlstrom & Moreland, 1983; Friedman, Webb, Smeltzer, & Lewak, 1989; Watkins, 1991), the MMPI is used by most psychologists who conduct assessments as part of their clinical and consulting practice (Archer et al., 2006; Dahlstrom, 1992b; Moreland & Dahlstrom, 1983; Watkins, Campbell, Nieberding, & Hallmark, 1995). The MMPI and its successors have also been the subject of extensive research. Butcher (2010) estimated the number of references for the MMPI, MMPI-2, and MMPI-A at 19,000. Greene (2011) conducted an electronic search of the psychology databases in January, 2010, using the search term “MMPI,” yielding 24,171 citations, and the search term “MMPI-2” produced 4,216 citations.
