ABSTRACT
In vitro, nuclear progesterone, estradiol, and androgen receptors have been reported in mice (Inaba et al., 1988), guinea-pig (Ordener et al., 1993), human (Iwai et al., 1995), rats (Cohen et al., 1993). Progesterone receptors (PR) have been characterized by binding studies, immunocytochemistry (Figure 22.1), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) or northern blotting. PR are stimulated by the presence of estradiol in the medium (Inaba et al., 1988) or by culturing ESC for a week (Iwai et al., 1995). PR are down-regulated by culturing ESC with progesterone and testosterone (Iwai et al., 1995).
