ABSTRACT

The earliest reported attempts at ureterointestinal implantation were by John Simon in 18521 and Thomas Smith in 1878. A number of implantation procedures were performed between 1880 and 1910, but most failed because of fistula formation. The first successes were achieved in 1920, with the arrival of ureteral stents. Ureteroileal antireflux implantations have always had more problems than ureterocolonic antireflux implantations2 due to the structure of the submucosa of the small intestine, which is both more dense and more vascular than that of the colon. This renders the creation of a submucosal tunnel a more difficult procedure.