ABSTRACT
In addition to those described in Chapters 3, 7, 8 and 10 there are a number of other diverse biological, physical and chemical hazards that could be encountered in the recreational water environment. Many of these are local in nature and should be addressed in monitoring programmes where they are known or suspected to be locally important. The characteristics of the hazard and the local conditions define the appropriate remedial measures. It is important that standards, monitoring and implementation enable preventative and remedial actions in this time frame that will prevent health effects arising from such hazards. The WHO Guidelines for Safe Recreational-water Environments (WHO, 1998) emphasise the importance of identification of circumstances that will support a continuously safe environment for recreation. This includes awareness of biological hazards such as those discussed in this chapter.
