ABSTRACT
Fire managers define the wildland-urban interface as all areas where flammable wildland fuels are adjacent to homes and communities. With this definition, the wildland-urban interface may encompass a much broader
landscape than traditionally perceived. For example, the Tunnel Fire in the Oakland hills in 1991 included a large area that, for practical purposes, could be considered truly urban — the edges of the fire were not far from either downtown Oakland or Berkeley. At the other end of the spectrum, wildland fires also threaten or destroy rural
13.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................201 13.2 Historical Background ..........................................................................................................................................202
