ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that the political and social changes that took place during the Chilean transition to democracy after 1990 have altered the effectiveness and the representativeness of democracy in the domain of the relationship between the state and civil society. In the past, effectiveness was related to representativeness because the latter depended on the increasing capacity of the state to include social demands. The process was conducted mainly by the political system; the more pluralistic it was, the more effective democracy was, too. At the same time, political parties were strongly linked to civil society institutions and associations: universities, labor movement, churches, and so on. During the 1960s, new social movements give birth to new political expressions that expanded the political system.
