ABSTRACT
The Turkish educational system at all levels has been restructured many times since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. Between 1931 and 1933, the first fundamental education reforms aimed at modernizing higher education in Turkey were initiated by Kemal Atatürk. Other important changes occurred in 1946 and in 1973, but the most recent and most radical change in Turkish higher education took place in 1981, after the present constitution was accepted.
