ABSTRACT
Population distribution, composition and growth are closely related to local geographies and socio-cultural factors, such as the level of economic development and personal desire for children. Analysing demographic structures and changes allows policy makers to project future trends, by unpacking the significance of changing mortality, fertility and migration data. Increasing urbanization and the growth of cities are generally associated with increasing national gross domestic product and high levels of per capita gross domestic product, but poverty remains a persistent feature of urban life. The World Bank research also points to socio-economic and policy determinants of fertility in sub-Saharan Africa on which effective policies to slow down population growth and to improve population quality are based. Most ageing nations or societies face the problem of zero or negative growth in the later stages of their demographic process. In order to stop falling fertility it is important to raise the specific or total fertility rate.
