ABSTRACT
This chapter identifies the major risk areas and the mechanism of the reproductive processes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia that leads to the highly contagious conditions from what can initially be minor breakthroughs leading to drinking water contamination. Specific recommendations include solar pasteurisation as a minimum maintenance disinfection process for small and remote communities, with recommendations for dedicated and pasteurised backwash water systems for larger water treatment plant filter systems. Any water treatment plant receiving water previously contaminated with sewage, and where climatic conditions do not allow sufficient dilution factors, must have similar treatment to the several just described to reduce the risk of infection to the consumers. Risk identification has two elements: the likelihood of something happening, and the consequence of something happening. Having carried out the identification and assessment analysis of causative and contributory agents and known limitations of current practice, it is necessary to research and prepare a risk management proposal.
