ABSTRACT
Hydraulic jump-type energy dissipators are widely used for energy dissipation on dams. The hydraulic jump is a transition from supercritical to subcritical flow. The jump formed in a smooth, wide and horizontal rectangular channel of constant width is known as the classical hydraulic jump. The forced jump can also be formed with the aid of cross-jets discharged from below the bed, obliquely against the supercritical flow. The energy dissipation efficiency of this type of forced jump is also referred to the corresponding classical jump. The stilling basins are used when the tailwater depths are less than those required for the classical jump to form at the toe of the structure. The turbulent pressure field on the bed of the stilling basin and the dynamic nature of the force exerted on the baffle blocks are significant design factors.
