dependence in 1964, and the discovery of an Angola and Mozambique, and enabled the alleged Rhodesian spy network in 1967, beleaguered Smith Regime to hold out for fuelled Zambian suspicions. President almost fifteen years. Kaunda of Zambia also feared a secessionist Since they were too weak and divided to plot by the Portuguese, who had indeed take on the white redoubt directly, the in-offered help to tribal separatists in Zambia dependent black states tried to weaken it dip-and were training Zambian dissidents. This lomatically, through the and the UN,

doi:10.4324/9780203770313-59

Chapter

dependence in 1964, and the discovery of an Angola and Mozambique, and enabled the alleged Rhodesian spy network in 1967, beleaguered Smith Regime to hold out for fuelled Zambian suspicions. President almost fifteen years. Kaunda of Zambia also feared a secessionist Since they were too weak and divided to plot by the Portuguese, who had indeed take on the white redoubt directly, the in-offered help to tribal separatists in Zambia dependent black states tried to weaken it dip-and were training Zambian dissidents. This lomatically, through the and the UN,

Chapter

dependence in 1964, and the discovery of an Angola and Mozambique, and enabled the alleged Rhodesian spy network in 1967, beleaguered Smith Regime to hold out for fuelled Zambian suspicions. President almost fifteen years. Kaunda of Zambia also feared a secessionist Since they were too weak and divided to plot by the Portuguese, who had indeed take on the white redoubt directly, the in-offered help to tribal separatists in Zambia dependent black states tried to weaken it dip-and were training Zambian dissidents. This lomatically, through the and the UN,

ABSTRACT

dependence in 1964, and the discovery of an alleged Rhodesian spy network in 1967, fuelled Zambian suspicions. President Kaunda of Zambia also feared a secessionist plot by the Portuguese, who had indeed offered help to tribal separatists in Zambia and were training Zambian dissidents. This fear, too, was underlined by such efforts as the invasion of Guinea by Portuguesesupported mercenaries from neighbouring Portuguese Guinea, and by the threatened withdrawal of Katanga from the Congo in the late 1960s.1 Moreover, at independence Zambia relied on Rhodesia for all of her oil and electric power and for the coke needed in her vital copper refining industry. The great bulk of Zambian trade was carried on Rhodesian railways and Zambia was therefore highly vulnerable to Rhodesian economic pressure. Taking account of all this, President Kaunda was convinced that Zambia’s independence would be secure only when white rule had ended in the countries to the south.