ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to critically and constructively reexamine the Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations" theory in order to analyze some alternative visions, especially the concept of "global civilization" advocated by some peace scholars. The chapter points out the limitations of the theory, especially its oversimplification devoid of analysis of power and national interests, weakness in cohesiveness of the Islamic and Western civilizations, and its subjectivity based on bias regarding Muslims. Huntington's argument was that civilizational cohesiveness would enhance in the coming years, and therefore, differences of civilizations could cause more civilizational conflicts between the "fault lines." Huntington pointed out tendency for cooperation within the places where civilization-based conflicts happen, using a keyword, "kin-country" syndrome termed by H. D. S. Greenway. Paul Hammond noted that Huntington's civilization theory can be interpreted as a warning to humanity. Global citizenship is a critical factor as a global identity that can be obtainable while retaining original citizenships.
