ABSTRACT
The risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model is perhaps the most influential model used to guide the assessment and treatment of offenders (Blanchette and Brown 2006; Ward et al. 2007). First formalised in 1990 by Andrews, Bonta and Hoge, the RNR model has been elaborated upon and contextualised within a general personality and cognitive social learning perspective of criminal conduct (Andrews and Bonta 2010). Since 1990, a number of principles have been added to the original principles of risk, need and responsivity. These additional principles describe, for example, the importance of staff establishing collaborative and respectful working relationships with clients and correctional agencies and managers providing policies and leadership that facilitate and enable effective interventions (Andrews 2001; Andrews and Bonta 2010; Andrews and Dowden 2007).
