ABSTRACT
The phenomenon of the triple helix system has been recognized widely in developed countries (Etzkowitz and Mello 1994; Etzkowitz et al. 2007; Turpin, Sullivan and Deville 1993; Shinn 1997; Leydersdoff and Van den Basselaar 1998). The triple helix model has emerged from the needs of universities to work closely with the industry (i.e. double helix) in order to improve the knowledge spillovers (Marshall 1920) and maintain the sustainable development of the industry–university integration. This synergy needs to be supported by the government sphere as it plays the role of policymaker providing the necessary tools to encourage the local region. The tools could be based on innovative policy or incentives for the university and industry to develop their research and development (R&D) activities.
