ABSTRACT
This chapter will discuss key aspects of Ukrainian-Jewish relations during World War II and the Nazi occupation of Ukraine, and their reflection in postwar historiography. It will first examine collaboration of the non-Jewish population (including both ethnic Ukrainians and members of other ethnic groups who took part in or assisted the Nazis in the murder of Jews) with the occupation regime on Ukrainian territory,1 in order to throw light on: (1) the reasons for and motives behind Ukrainian collaboration; (2) the behavior of collaborators during the occupation; (3) the extent, scope and influence of collaboration in Ukraine during the extermination of the Jews on its territory; and (4) the impact of Nazi antisemitic propaganda on the nature and level of collaboration. Second, it will relate to attitudes toward collaboration during the Soviet era and to the beginnings of a debate on this theme among the Ukraine intelligentsia in the post-Communist era.
