ABSTRACT
Globalization1 has prompted much hand-wringing about the fate of democracy (Goodhart 2001a), leading democratic theorists to refl ect on the prospects for global or supranational democracy. Among these theorists there is a tendency to imagine supranational democracy as essentially like democracy at the national level, only bigger. Whether they propose a cosmopolitan constitutional order (Held 1995), a deliberative constitutionalism (Bohman 1999; Bohman 2004), a global discursive or public sphere (Dryzek 1999; Eriksen and Fossum 2002; Eriksen and Fossum 2000; Falk 2000; Smith 1998); or some form of transnational or multilevel federalism (Bellamy and Castiglione 1998; Føllesdal 1998; Howse and Nicolaidis 2001), contemporary writers remain wedded to theories of democracy that developed within the conceptual matrix of the modern sovereign state and Westphalian states system. While this scholarship has generated intriguing and innovative institutional models of democracy, it has for the most part clung to familiar normative models (although see Archibugi et al. 2000; Gould 2005; Kuper 2004; Saward 2000).
