ABSTRACT
The vast array of organic and inorganic compounds produced in and delivered to the ocean make it a haven for an extraordinary diversity of microorganisms that use a diverse array of catalytic agents in the synthesis, transformation, and degradation of these materials. The microbial production of enzymes functional at moderate thermal conditions in the marine environment is well known (see Chapter 4). Here we argue from observations, experimental results, and hypothetical scenarios that thermally extreme environments in the ocean offer new and continuing vistas for discovering enzymes of unique metabolic, ecological, and evolutionary significance, as well as for creating practical applications in the realms of biotechnology and bioremediation. We explore the physical features and, perhaps surprising, commonalities of very hot and very cold marine habitats, as well as the enzymes and producing microorganisms already known from these environments, to develop predictions of enzymes awaiting discovery. The potential for application of genomics, proteomics, and other forms of genetic access and manipulation as new search and discovery tools that can be made even more powerful with ecological insight is highlighted.
