ABSTRACT

Societies perceive "Reform" or "Reforms" as substantial changes and significant breaks which must be well-justified. The Enlightenment brought forth the idea that the future was uncertain and could be shaped by human beings. This gave the concept of reform a new character and new fields of application. Those who sought support for their plans and actions needed to reflect, develop new arguments, and offer new reasons to address an anonymous public. This book aims to compile these changes under the heuristic term of "languages of reform." It analyzes the structures of communication regarding reforms in the 18th century through a wide variety of topics.

chapter |26 pages

Introduction

Languages of Reform and the European Enlightenment

section Section I|98 pages

Semantics of Languages of Reform

chapter 2|23 pages

The Dawning of the Age of Reform

Epistemic and Semantic Shifts in Georgian Britain

chapter 3|17 pages

The Making of "Federalism" in Eighteenth-Century France

Between Reform and Revolution

chapter 4|23 pages

Ambiguity in Translation

Communicating Economic Reform in the Multilingual Republic of Berne

section Section II|86 pages

Strategies and Rhetoric of Reform

chapter 5|26 pages

Change and Improvement to Save the State

Administrative Reforms in Maria Theresian Austria

chapter 6|28 pages

Reform as Verbesserung

Argumentative Patterns and the Role of Models in German Cameralism

chapter 7|16 pages

Luxury as an Eighteenth-Century Language of Reform of Society Between France and Italy

Jean-François Melon, Antonio Genovesi, and Georges-Marie Butel-Dumont

chapter 8|14 pages

A Useful Public Institution?

Languages of University Reform in the German Territories, 1750–1800

section Section III|110 pages

Thematic Vocabularies in Specific Contexts

chapter 9|20 pages

A Kind of Sovereignty?

Legitimising Freedom of Contract in the 18th Century

chapter 10|20 pages

From Economic Reform to Political Revolution

The Language of Dutch Patriotism

chapter 11|23 pages

Mending the Boat While Sailing

Languages of Linguistic Reform in the German Territories, c. 1750-1815

chapter 12|20 pages

From a Reform Language of Speculation to a Speculative Language of Reform

Liberalising Trade in Mid-18th-Century France

chapter 13|25 pages

From the Civic Improvement of the Jews to the Separation of State and Church

Languages of Political Reform in Brandenburg-Prussia, 1781-1799

section Section IV|40 pages

Adaption and Translation of Reform Languages

chapter 15|17 pages

Writing on "The New Order"

Ottoman Approaches to Late Eighteenth-Century Reforms

part Section V|64 pages

Reflecting on Reform

chapter 16|21 pages

Reform, Revolution, and the Republican Tradition

The Case of the Batavian Republic

chapter 17|21 pages

Words and Things

Languages of Reform in Wilhelm Traugott Krug and Karl Ludwig von Haller 1

chapter |20 pages

Conclusion

Bringing a Despotic Agenda Into the Public Sphere – Concluding Remarks on Languages of Reform