ABSTRACT
The most general reason for superpower action in the international system centers around the state of the ideological conflict between the two superpowers, which involves a multiple set of interrelated motivations. National integration, the process of developing a sense of nationhood among internal, heterogeneous ethnic elements, is a primary concern of all African nations. The outcome of the struggle over who governs is that too little effort is devoted to programs for dealing with the internal educational, economic, technical, and agricultural policies necessary for development as well as to foreign policy beneficial to the state’s needs. Elites tend to monopolize power by creating, maintaining, and using control mechanisms that ensure their positions. African states, as some are beginning to do, must subordinate their many differences in order to cooperate if they are to compete effectively in the modern world system. The psychological dimension of autonomy would include mechanisms designed to reorient the African psychology of dependence.
