ABSTRACT
However, unlike the exponential growth in computing and communication technologies, in terms of speed and packaging density, growth in battery technology is a mere 5 to 10 percent increase per year in energy density [Rao03, Powers95, Naik01]. Web-based applications account for most of the energy consumption in wireless devices, and the application segment is ever-growing. With users desiring to run heavier applications, battery life is seen to pose the ultimate constraint on
continued use of devices. For example, to support real-time multimedia applications over wireless links, batteries of a handset can only last half of the usual time [Marek02]. ‡us, designers must look for energy-efficient solutions in all areas of system design, namely hardware, software, communication, architecture, and applications.
