ABSTRACT
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymorphism is generated over the course of evolution by various molecular mechanisms producing either nucleotide substitutions or insertions or deletions of one or several bases. Molecular markers are numerous and rapidly improving with the appearance of new concepts and analytical processes. The use of restriction fragment length polymorphism thus involves the following manipulations: Total genomic DNA extracted and purified in sufficiently large quantity from each genotype is subjected to digestion by a restriction enzyme. High performance genotyping techniques are therefore increasingly sought, for which the speed of analysis, the potential for automation, and the cost of consumables are critical elements. Simple sequence repeat are among the most efficient markers to detect polymorphism. They are increasingly often used for numerous studies. They are excellent genetic markers, locus-specific, codominant, and highly polymorphic. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers are nearly indispensable when a genetic map is to be made more dense in a particular region, for example “bulk segregant analysis”.
