ABSTRACT
The concept of DNA biosensors is sustained by the need for rapid
and highly sensitive analytical tools for genetic detection. Their
implementation is based on three steps: (i) immobilization of
single-stranded oligonucleotide (probe) onto a transducer surface;
(ii) hybridization with its complementary DNA sequence (target) in
order to form the DNA duplex called hybrid, and (iii) conversion of
the hybridization event into an analytical signal by the transducer
surface. A wide variety of measurement systems had been employed
[1], however, since Palecˇek discovered the electrochemical activity
of nucleic acids [2], the electrochemical studies on the behavior and
recognition of DNA have attracted considerable attention. In this
way, electrochemistry provides fast, simple, and low-cost detection
systems to produce biosensors promising a simple, accurate, and
inexpensive platform for patient diagnosis [3-6].
