ABSTRACT
A pollution-free environment is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Most conventional remedial technologies are expensive and cause the pollution of the environment. To avoid this global problem, bioremediation, typically referring to microbe-based cleanup, and phytoremediation, or plant-based cleanup, have gained much attention as effective low-cost and eco-sustainable alternatives to conventional remedial technologies for the cleanup of a broad spectrum of hazardous pollutants (Pilon-Smits 2005).
