ABSTRACT
Nanoscience consists of a wide range of topics, methods, and
applications that have in common concepts and physical laws that
prevail only in nanometer scale. The research in nanoscience is
typically interdisciplinary in nature and covers a wide range of
traditional scientific fields. Nanoscience deals with objects and
phenomena that appear as the characteristic dimension of the
system below about 100 nm. At this size range the physics that
govern macroscopic world does not fully apply but new phenomena
become important. These phenomena include the increasing role
of surface atoms (more surface for the same mass of the material),
the unclear concept of surface for clusters consisting of just a few
atoms, the curvature effects of small objects, and the increasing
importance of quantum mechanics for nanometer-sized objects.
The common unifying concepts and physical laws that prevail
in the nanoscale can be collectively termed “nanoscience.” The
properties of nanomaterials differ significantly from those of the
bulk of the same material, such as high tensile strength, low weight,
high electrical and thermal conductivity, and unique electronic
properties
