ABSTRACT
QoS Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 10.2 Existing Wireless Networking Protocols and Their
QoS Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 10.2.1 Zigbee Based on IEEE 802.15.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 10.2.2 Wi-Fi Based on IEEE 802.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 10.2.3 WiMax Based on IEEE 802.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
10.3 Flexible QoS Enhancement to Existing Wireless Networking Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 10.3.1 MAC Delay Based on Markov Chain Queuing Model . . . . . . 226 10.3.2 Channel Service Time Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 10.3.3 MAC Delay, Goodput, and Packet Delivery
Failure Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 10.4 Experiment Design and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 10.5 Conclusions and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
To realize the grand vision of smart grid, the networking of various power electronics devices and management systems in a smart grid plays a critical role. The data and information are expected to be exchanged freely among these components in a reliable and timely manner. Given its importance in society development, the requirements of quality of service (QoS) for such networking is much higher than those of existing wireline and wireless networks among computers and mobile devices. Existing networking protocols lack the mechanism to provide such QoS. In this chapter, we first review the networking QoS need of various stages of the smart grid, describe the existing QoS support of popular wireless networking protocols and their limitations, and describe a new mechanism that takes QoS requirements into the network design phase to provide the upper and lower bounds for end-to-end delay and throughput even though the process is stochastic. Using IEEE 802.15.4, we demonstrated how to implement such a mechanism in an existing wireless networking protocol and conducted experiments to show the effectiveness of such enhancement.
