ABSTRACT
Contents 12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 12.2 State-of-the-Art ICT Technologies for a Smart Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
12.2.1 Systems and Infrastructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 12.2.2 Lower Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
12.2.2.1 In-House Communication Technologies . . . . . . . . . . 282 12.2.2.2 Wide Area Communication Technologies . . . . . . . . . 283
12.2.3 Intermediate Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 12.2.4 Higher Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
12.3 ICT Reference Architecture Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 12.3.1 Regional Energy Marketplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 12.3.2 Local HAN ICT Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 12.3.3 Marketplace Participants and Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
12.4 Integrating Electric Mobility in Marketplace Infrastructures . . . . . . . 289 12.4.1 Use Cases and ICT Requirements for Electric Mobility . . . . . 290
12.4.2 Electric Mobility Roles and System Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 12.4.3 Electric Mobility Roles in Energy Marketplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 12.4.4 Electric Vehicle Mobility Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
12.5 Conclusion and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Integrating spatially decentralized renewable energy resources comes along with new requirements for underlying ICT infrastructures in upcoming smart grids. In order to coordinate and balance energy supplies and demands under these new circumstances, various system level challenges for regional power distribution need to be addressed. Hence, this chapter introduces a reference system architecture for regional energy marketplaces. The architecture design is based on the overall idea that using distributed and renewable energy resources requires direct involvement of end consumers in order to allow efficient power distribution and load management. In such a scenario, regional marketplaces become central data hubs and mediate demands and supplies between all marketplace participants and stakeholders. This work discusses current state of the art for connecting end consumers to such platforms. Defining a set of system level interfaces respects potentially upcoming requirements, new evolving services, andresulting from these services-integration and mediation of future market roles. With integration of electric mobility, one of the major future use cases and its special set of requirements is thoroughly discussed.
