ABSTRACT
Reversal of photoaging is the expectation of many patients who seek our advice on a daily basis. In pursuit of this goal, numerous modalities are discussed in this textbook including filler injections, botulinum toxin type A, microdermabrasion, light-emitting diodes (LED) photomodulation, various implants, chemical peels, and ablative and nonablative laser resurfacing. These procedures are frequently used in combination with a regimen that involves topical anti-inflammatories, antioxidants, retinoids, and bleaching agents. The key mechanisms by which these combinations result in clinical improvement are by the reversal of dermal collagen breakdown and the induction of new dermal collagen synthesis.
