ABSTRACT
Phytoestrogens make up a broad group of naturally occurring plant-derived nonsteroidal polyphenolic compounds with estrogen-like biological activity that is found in many foods. Numerous plant foods that contain traces of phytoestrogens have the potential to improve health; however, relatively few foods contribute significant amounts to the human diet. With a few exceptions, the chemical structures of phytoestrogens contain a diphenolic ring structure, which is a prerequisite for estrogen receptor binding. Due to their structural similarity to the human female hormone 17-beta estradiol, phytoestrogens have the ability to bind with estrogens receptors. Various molecular mechanisms responsible for exerting effect of phytoestrogens are being supported by animal and in vitro studies. These studies support the role of phytoestrogens in lowering the risk of various types of cancers and cardiovascular disease. Based on dietary phytoestrogens, structure-activity relationship studies can be carried out, and more synthetic and semisynthetic compounds can be evolved.
