ABSTRACT
The connective tissue diseases (CTDs) by definition involve multiple organs of
the body. Similarly, these CTD may involve multiple anatomic areas of the lungs
and extrapulmonary thorax, which can influence the course of disease. Although
interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common manifestation of most of the
CTD, a separate chapter is focused on the pathology, treatment, and clinical
outcome of the many ILD presentations. Dr. Nunes and colleagues reviewed the
pleural and non-ILD pulmonary manifestations of the CTD in chapter 19.
