ABSTRACT
Vascular and urogenital systems are in the most general sense conduits that are similar in form (Figure 10.1) and function; they are uniquely capable in their ability to transport materials within the body. The innermost layers, the intima in the vascular system and mucosa in the urogenital system, are
CONTENTS
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 201 Anatomy and Repair ...................................................................................... 201 Sealants ............................................................................................................ 204 Adhesive Sealants .......................................................................................... 204 Cyanoacrylate Adhesives .............................................................................. 205 Naturally Derived Adhesives ....................................................................... 206 Vascular Grafts ................................................................................................ 207
Sealant Applications ........................................................................................... 208 Arterial Access Port Closure ......................................................................... 208 Traditional Closure Techniques .................................................................... 208 Specialty Closure Products ........................................................................... 209 Anastomosis Seal ............................................................................................ 212 Aneurysm Closure ......................................................................................... 213 Nonspeci€c Area Closure .............................................................................. 213
Blocks .................................................................................................................... 214 Ligatures .......................................................................................................... 214 Vascular Blocks ............................................................................................... 215 Urinary Incontinence Repair ........................................................................ 216 Contraceptive Devices ................................................................................... 216
Materials ............................................................................................................... 217 Regulatory Considerations ................................................................................ 218 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 218 References ............................................................................................................. 220
internally lined with epithelial cells, which vary in form according to location and function. They are connected through the basement membrane to connective tissue, surrounded by smooth muscle cells, and ultimately encapsulated with layers composed of collagen and €broblasts.
