ABSTRACT
The history of medicine brings us back to the origin of humans, and their desire to prevent and rectify disease, disorder, and functional abnormality (Risse 1999). Early treatments for these ailments included the phenomenological use of medicinal agents, such as plants and herbs, as well as surgical practices. Over the years, while the understanding of the mechanism by which surgical practice affects maladies has improved, the training of surgeons has remained largely the same.
