ABSTRACT

Even in the built environment, reliance on water, air, and natural resources is the basis of the high quality of life people aim to enjoy in modern society. Everyone requires clean water for drinking, cooking, irrigation, and recreation. When the air is polluted, it affects everyone’s breathing, in some people stimulating respiratory distress and affecting heart functioning. The food supply is impacted when land and water resources are contaminated. As humans we exist as part of earth’s ecosystem — as animals in the food chain. Humans are not quite at the top, but we are near it, particularly urban

CONTENTS

5.1 Antimicrobial Properties ............................................................................. 78 5.1.1 Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoscale Silver .............................. 79 5.1.2 Buckyballs .........................................................................................80 5.1.3 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) ..................................................................80

5.2 Short-Term Toxicity Tests ............................................................................ 81 5.2.1 Daphnia LC50 Assays ....................................................................... 81