ABSTRACT
The equation of state (EOS) describes a physical system by the relation between its thermodynamic quantities, such as pressure, energy, density, entropy, and specific heat and is related to both fundamental physics and applied sciences. The knowledge of EOS is necessary to understand the science of extreme concentration of energy and matter, phase transitions, and strongly coupled plasma systems. The EOS describes nature over all possible values of pressure, density, and temperatures where local thermodynamic equilibrium can be sustained. The science of EOS is studied experimentally in the laboratory by using static and dynamic techniques. The minimum pressure, in the pressure-specific volume curve, gives the EOS theoretical spall strength. The phenomena of shock waves propagation through condensed matter are strongly related to the physics of the EOS. Any chemical composition can exist in the four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
